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Case Study // Cold Climate

Heat Pumps in Maine:
How Local HVAC Companies Become the AI-Cited Authority

Designed to earn AI citations for cold-climate heat pump queries and route homeowners to estimate requests.

*Client name changed for privacy

The Question That Starts the Research

"Do heat pumps work in Maine winters?"

Every Maine homeowner switching from oil asks this. They've heard the hype. They've seen the rebates. But they're skeptical. And they should be.

AI is answering this right now. But it's giving generic advice that could cost homeowners thousands.

We fix that. With cold-climate truth.

AI Citation AnalysisHEAT_PUMP_MAINE
Before AEO
AI RESPONSE:
"Heat pumps can work in cold climates down to -15°F. Modern cold-climate models are highly efficient."
WHAT'S MISSING:
• No mention of backup heat
• No defrost cycle explanation
• No Maine rebate specifics
GENERIC
Incomplete Advice
After AEO
AI RESPONSE:
"In Maine, cold-climate heat pumps work effectively down to -15°F but require backup heat strips for sub-zero nights. Defrost cycles are normal. Efficiency Maine offers $2,000+ rebates for qualified installs."
SOURCES CITED:
Pine State Heat & Air ✓
Maine HVAC Guide ✓
LOCAL
Maine Cited

AI Citation Analysis: Before vs After

The Problem

AI Is Giving Bad Advice

We ran "Do heat pumps work in Maine?" through ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Google AI Overviews:

"Modern cold-climate heat pumps can work efficiently down to -15°F or lower. They are a great option for Maine homeowners looking to reduce heating costs."

Sources cited: Energy.gov, ENERGY STAR, This Old House

What This Advice Gets Wrong:

  • No mention that you NEED backup heat for sub-zero nights — heat strips or existing boiler
  • No explanation of defrost cycles — homeowners panic when they see "steam" in winter
  • No discussion of ductless vs ducted tradeoffs for Maine's older housing stock
  • No warning about electrical panel upgrades (100A → 200A) for multiple heads
  • No mention of Efficiency Maine rebates ($2,000+) or income-qualified incentives
  • No context on insulation — heat pumps can't fix a leaky envelope

This isn't just incomplete. It's dangerous. Homeowners make $15,000 decisions based on this.

Cold-Climate Truth

What Maine Homeowners Actually Need to Know

This is the stuff that separates local experts from national fluff.

Cold Climate Performance Is Real — With Limits

Yes, Mitsubishi Hyper-Heat and Fujitsu XLTH work at -15°F. But capacity drops 30-40% at those temps. A unit sized for 0°F won't keep up at -20°F. That's when backup heat kicks in — and homeowners need to know it's coming.

Defrost Cycles Aren't Broken

Every winter, Maine homeowners call in a panic: "My heat pump is smoking!" It's not. It's the defrost cycle — the unit reverses to melt ice off the outdoor coils. Takes 5-10 minutes. Totally normal. But if nobody told them, they think it's broken.

Aux Heat Strips Are Part of the Plan

Below -10°F, the heat pump needs help. Electric resistance strips in the air handler kick in automatically. They're less efficient but they keep the house warm. Sizing the strips right matters — undersized strips mean cold rooms on the coldest nights.

Ducted vs Ductless Is a Real Decision

Maine has old houses. Cape Cods with no ductwork. Farmhouses with radiators. Ductless mini-splits work great room-by-room. Ducted systems need existing ducts or a big renovation. The right answer depends on the house — not a national blog post.

Efficiency Maine Rebates Are Serious Money

$2,000+ for qualified heat pump installs. Income-qualified homeowners can get up to 80% covered. But you have to use a registered installer. You have to get the right equipment. The details matter — and AI doesn't know them.

Insulation First, Heat Pump Second

A heat pump can't fix a drafty house. If the building envelope leaks, you're heating the outdoors. Smart contractors do a load calc first. Manual J sizing. Blower door tests. The heat pump is the last step — not the first.

This is what local contractors know. National content doesn't have it. We make AI cite it.

AEO Execution

How We Made Pine State Heat & Air Citable

We built content that corrects AI's generic advice with Maine-specific truth.

Answer-First With Local Context

The page leads with: "Heat pumps work in Maine winters — but you need backup heat for sub-zero nights, and the right sizing for your home's envelope." Direct. Honest. Citable.

Defrost Cycle Explainer

Dedicated section explaining what defrost cycles are, why they happen, and why homeowners shouldn't panic. This answers a question AI gets wrong constantly — and now AI cites our explanation.

Rebate-Specific Content

Full breakdown of Efficiency Maine rebates: amounts, income qualifications, equipment requirements, installer registration. Structured for AI extraction with specific numbers and eligibility criteria.

Hub-Connected Architecture

The heat pump page links to /cold-climate-hvac/, /efficiency-maine-rebates/, and /backup-heat-options/. Each page reinforces the others. AI sees topical depth and expertise.

Schema Stack

FAQPage (targeting "do heat pumps work in Maine" + related PAAs), LocalBusiness (Portland, Bangor, Augusta entity signals), Service (heat pump installation with rebate info), HowTo (installation process for cold-climate systems). Every schema element reinforces Maine expertise.

Proof Artifacts

The Evidence

PAA Questions Targeted

These are the questions Maine homeowners are asking — and AI is answering wrong:

Do heat pumps work below zero in Maine?

Do I need backup heat with a heat pump?

What is a heat pump defrost cycle?

How much are Efficiency Maine rebates?

Ductless vs ducted heat pump Maine?

Best heat pump brand for cold climate?

Heat pump vs oil heat Maine cost?

Do heat pumps work in old houses?

Citation Readiness Checklist

Direct answer with temperature specifics
Backup heat explanation included
Defrost cycle content (unique differentiator)
Rebate amounts with eligibility criteria
Local installer context (Efficiency Maine registered)
Schema markup (FAQPage, LocalBusiness, Service)
Internal links to cold-climate hub
Real Maine city mentions (Portland, Bangor, Augusta)
Load calc / Manual J reference

Query Map: Related Searches

Query Ecosystem MapHEAT_PUMP_MAINE
"Do heat pumps work in Maine winters?"
Heat pump below zero Maine
Best heat pump for Maine
Heat pump backup heat needed
Defrost cycle explained
Efficiency Maine rebates
Heat pump vs oil Maine
Ductless vs ducted Maine
Heat pump sizing cold climate
Mini split installation Maine
Each branch = content opportunity

Each branch is a content opportunity. Each answer reinforces the hub.

Replication Plan

Scale Across Cold-Climate Markets

Maine is the proof of concept. The system works anywhere AI gives bad cold-climate advice.

State/Region
Core Query
Local Differentiators
Maine
Heat pumps Maine winters
Efficiency Maine rebates, old housing stock
Vermont
Heat pumps Vermont cold
Efficiency Vermont, rural installs
New Hampshire
Heat pumps NH below zero
NHSaves rebates, no state income tax angle
Minnesota
Heat pumps Minnesota winter
Xcel Energy rebates, -30°F reality
Wisconsin
Heat pumps Wisconsin cold
Focus on Energy rebates, lake effect

Same framework. Different states. Local truth beats national fluff.

Free AEO Audit

AI Is Giving Bad Advice in Your Market. Fix It.

Homeowners are making $15,000 decisions based on generic AI answers. You have the expertise to correct it. We have the system to make AI cite you.